Ruby and sapphire
Corundum
Al2O3
Crystallised aluminium oxide, second only to diamond in hardness. Ruby and sapphire are the same mineral; a trace of chromium makes it red, iron and titanium make it blue, and iron alone turns it yellow.
- Hardness
- 9
- Refractive index
- 1.76 – 1.77
- Density
- 4.0 g/cm³